Tensions are high in the region following last month’s protest, in which Muslim demonstrators suffocated in army trucks after being arrested.
Police said notes were found by the rubber tapper’s corpse, indicating that the man was killed in revenge for the deaths following the protest, which took place in the town of Takbai in Narathiwat.
The beheading is the second such killing in a week. The remains of a Buddhist village leader were found in Narathiwat province on 2 November.